Chimpanzees, bears and most mammals have penis bones, but humans don’t have. Why?

Scientists recently discovered why humans do not have a penis bone or baculum.

Even though the penis bone first evolved in mammals between 145 and 95 million years ago, one of the reasons humans lost their penis bone was because they do not have sex for long enough to need one, a new research from University College London revealed.

The study’s lead author Matilda Brindle said the common ancestors of both primates and carnivores had a baculum and that humans are quite weird as we’re one of the few primates that don’t have one.

Primates who mate for three minutes or more tend to have far longer penis bones than those whose intromission, or vaginal penetration, is below three minutes, she said.

“The human intromission duration tends to be below two minutes, which most people wouldn’t expect,” Brindle told the independent said.

In contrast, the aye-aye, a nocturnal lemur, copulates for around an hour at a time and has a very long baculum.

Brindle said longer penis bones were also seen in species with seasonal breeding and polygamous mating systems, which humans generally do not have.

“Polygamous mating systems are where multiple males and multiple females all mate with each other, like in chimpanzees,” she said.

“While polygamous mating does take place among humans, it’s not common enough to necessitate the retention of the penis bone.”

Other reasons for the lack of baculum in humans is that the human mating system takes place throughout the year and is less competitive than that of other animals.

Chimpanzees, who only have sex for around seven seconds at a time, have a very small baculum, suggesting that there might be evolutionary pressure among apes to lose the penis bone.

However, the monkeys have a polygamous mating system in which a female will mate with several males a day when she’s in heat.

Male chimpanzees’ testicles are very large – about the same size as their brain – because they produce a lot of sperm to mate with several females.

“[Human] testicles are slightly smaller, which indicates we don’t have such a strong selection for males mating with multiple females at the same time,” said Brindle.

“That’s probably the thing that finally got rid of our baculum, that we have more monogamous mating systems.”